![]() Navigation involves determining the direction and maybe distance through neutral processing of the sensory inputs. Navigation entails more since it’s not just an oriented movement and thus not all animals are capable of navigation. Almost every animal moves in an oriented way. Orientation is a movement towards a given direction while navigation is directed movement towards a goal (Gould). Eventually, the community would be destroyed since most of the species will be driven out.ĭifferences Between Orientation and Navigation If the sea stars move from the coral reef community, then there would be an explosive growth in the number of sea urchins and mussels (CK-12). ![]() The sea stars prey on sea urchins and mussels, both of which have no any other natural predators. For instance, in the coral communities, some of the sea star species are keystone species. Any significant changes in their number affect the population of several other species in the community. A keystone species are species that play a very critical role in its community (CK-12). Predators can control prey diversity (number of different species) where keystone species are involved. Eventually, the predator-prey relationship maintains the population of both the species in balance. The same happens for the predator animals the speedy and strong survive when the prey animal populace dwindles and produce offspring that can survive the conditions. The prey animals that survive to reproduce are those that are robust and thus produce offspring that are strong to suffer the environment. This way, they eliminate those animal preys that are not going to survive leaving the stronger animals to stay and breed. ![]() Predators have a tendency to attack and feed on the old, sick, weak and the younger prey animals. (Note, however, not just in this case but in any case of co-evolution and evolution, that there is always more than one cause that forces an organism to adapt, and though it is likely that the higher branches are to avoid the tortoises, it is also possible that it was a different cause, such as the sun, the ocean, or a different organism.A predator controls its prey’s density (number in a given area) by using feeding on them thus limiting them from growing in number. The cactuses, the prey, may have evolved high branches so that the tortoises, the predators, can't reach them. On another island, where short-necked tortoises live, the branches are lower down. On one of the islands, where long-necked tortoises live, the branches are higher off the ground. Galapagos tortoises eat the branches of the cactus plants that grow on the Galapagos islands. This is true in all predator-prey relationships.Īnother example of predator-prey evolution is that of the Galapagos tortoise. An important thing to realize is that as both organisms become faster to adapt to their environments, their relationship remains the same: because they are both getting faster, neither gets faster in relation to the other. The fastest zebras are able to escape the lions, so they survive and reproduce, and gradually, faster zebras make up more and more of the population. The fastest lions are able to catch food and eat, so they survive and reproduce, and gradually, faster lions make up more and more of the population.
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